The House of Bees

Recently I was invited to a private group visit of the Maison des Abeilles at Champigny sur Veude. It is a community project led by beekeeper Alain Pageard. 

View of the greenway, with crossing keeper cottage on left, the Sainte Chapelle centre and the plan d'eau beyond the vegetable garden on the right.

The former railway line between Richelieu and Chinon has been turned into a greenway (Fr. voie verte). At Champigny the old station building has been renovated and is now a small exhibition space to inform the public about the local area. The agriculture of the Pays Richelois was featured -- melons, asparagus, saffron, truffles and goat cheese. 

 

Eric (naturalist), Christian (president Botamyco37), Jean-Paul (maker and nature lover), Eric (nature lover), Jacqueline (artist), Alain (beekeeper), Francoise (beekeeper) and Cyril (naturalist).

The goods shed has been taken over by the Maison des Abeilles, and Alain explained how the intention is to have a site which is integrated with the adjoining public spaces or attractions such as the plan d'eau (village pond) and La Sainte Chapelle de Champigny sur Veude. The land around the station is slowly being turned into a pollinator garden, with picnic area. Further down the track is the old crossing keeper's cottage, which may get turned into holiday accommodation. There are plans for a footbridge over the Veude to give better access to the plan d'eau from the Maison des Abeilles. And I was there to provide advice about an insect hotel.

 

 A bed sown with crops that are nectar rich, including flax (Fr. lin), phacelia, canola (Fr. colza), and field beans (Fr. fèves). Alain commented on how slug munched the canola was and how it showed why farmers treat canola with so many pesticides, which is problematic for beekeepers. Personally, I never buy canola honey.

Inside the Maison des abeilles (House of Bees). The idea is that it represents the inside of a hive. The wax comb is made of paving reinforcing grids for gravel paths. Genius I thought, and Alain was quite pleased with himself for having discovered it in yellow at the hardware store.

Old style bee hives. From left, made from cattle manure; wicker; chestnut staves with wicker and mud daub fill; woven rush (I think, but it might be hemp).

Feral bee hives. On the left, in a tree trunk. The forester who cut this tree was very surprised to discover an active bee hive. On the right, two-thirds of a hive that had been living in a chimney for a decade. The wax at the top is black, old and no longer in use. The bees abandon sections of the hive successively as it gets dirty and unhygenic.

Visible bee hive. This glass cabinet is connected to a regular hive outside by a tube and the bees will enter the cabinet and treat it like part of the hive. They'll fill it with wax comb and start storing honey and raising a brood there. Visitors can see the activity, and are invited to put their ear to the special holes to hear the activity.

Beekeepers suits. Alain runs beekeeping workshops here which I'm told are excellent.

 

The Giant Goat Sculptures of Sainte Maure de Touraine

The good people of Sainte Maure de Touraine are clearly obsessed with goats.  Sainte Maure is the centre of the goat cheese producing world so I suppose there is good reason. One way this obsession manifests itself is in the creation and public display of giant goat sculptures.

The first one I encountered was some years ago. It is papier maché and brought out every year for the June cheese festival in the town. It is somewhat animatronic, with teats that squirt 'milk'. I found it slightly disturbing and a bit creepy, but I'm sure one gets used to it.

Then in September I was shown a resin model at the community centre of a proposed statue for the 'heights' overlooking the autoroute exit/entry at Sainte Maure. The artist proposing it is well known for his monumental landmark sculptures. In general I'm not a fan of his work but this project might work quite well.

And the other day I was on my way to something completely different with friends Christian and Jean-Paul. Christian was driving and we were on a backroad out of town when he pulled over. So I could see a giant sculpture of a goat made from bark that was under construction in a barn! It turns out that our companion J-P was responsible for this masterpiece. It's very clever, and I particularly like the hessian sack udder. I didn't quite catch what it was for though.

Chenin Blanc

Wines made from the grape variety Chenin Blanc are by far my favourite of the local wines. That means Vouvray or Montlouis AOC primarily.

 

Chenin blanc maturing in barrels in a troglodyte cave.

It is the 16th most planted vine variety in France, covering 10 500 hectares, and producing 69 million bottles in the Loire Valley. Chenin blanc can be dry (26% of production in the Loire Valley), sweet (11% of production) or sparkling (63% of production). Worldwide, France produces 28% of the chenin blanc, Australia 2%, South Africa 53%, Argentina 7% and the United States 9%.

Chenin blanc is grown along the Loire River from Blois to Nantes, and also along the Loir west from Vendome. It is a grape variety with quite a long vegetative cycle. Bud burst is early, which exposes them to spring frosts, and at the other end of the season, grape maturity is late, which means that the weather is really influential on the quality and quantity of the harvest. It is a grape that doesn't thrive with too much cold or too much heat, and has a tendency to stay a bit acidic. Luckily the temperate evenness of the Loire Valley climate, suits it perfectly.

 

South Africans tasting chenin blanc in France.

Chenin blanc makes complex mineral wines that keep well. The wines have an elegant acid brightness. The aromas are equally complex, and require a bit of time to develop. You could smell Robinia, hawthorn, linden, quince, plum, pear, citrus, tropical fruits, honey or beeswax.

Chenin blanc is a variety which can develop noble rot (botrytis) which the winemakers can use to their advantage. It gives the wine flavours of preserved or roasted fruits, and makes it go an amber colour. It is a sweet wine with the typical acid finish of chenin blanc.

 

Chenin blanc fermenting in barrels in a troglodyte cave in Rochecorbon.

The variety's origines are unclear but its first appearance in the records, as 'plant d'Anjou' comes from a document from Charles the Bald in 845 to the Abbey of Saint Maur de Glanfeuil (west Gennes in Maine et Loire). It has had several names over the centuries and the records can be quite difficult to follow. Nowadays it is found globally, and especially in South Africa. It was brought there by Huguenots in exile after the revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685. Some of the Huguenots were winemakers, and their Dutch colonial hosts requested they bring vines. It is known as steen, and makes up 20% of South Africa's vineyards.

Chenin blanc is THE emblematic variety of the Loire Valley and 90% of the grape in France is planted in Anjou-Saumur and Touraine. Its great versatility allows the production of sparkling, dry whites and sweet and dessert wines.

 

Tasting a range of chenin blanc wines in Vouvray.

 

Further reading: https://www.fandechenin.com/en

Travelling by Train

Last year we had an exciting year of travel, visiting seven countries over a combined four and a half weeks of holiday, and travelling 6,690km in the car whilst doing so.

For both of our holidays I looked at travelling by train, but although we have lived this side of the world for almost 27 years (and in France for 15 of those years) we have travelled remarkably little throughout Europe. That leaves huge swathes of countryside and smaller towns we still haven't visited - and that's only in France.

We have travelled by train for holidays: to Lyon in 2022, Milan in 2015, Spain in 2019 and 2005, and Paris and Brussels a couple of times (from London) at the start of the century. If we're travelling to Paris from Preuilly we always do so by train, because - well, why wouldn't you? Faster, more convenient, and no parking hassle.

For the near future we will probably continue to drive whilst we are able, but taking the opportunity to take the train when it makes sense. If we can travel by train to a major centre in 6 hours it makes sense to do so - especially if driving would take two days and an overnight hotel.

That's where this website comes in handy. It gives us an idea of how far we can get by train, and how quickly. It will become even more useful if the ban on domestic flights for journeys possible in less than two-and-a-half hours by train is extended. 

Being Balanda

I am Balanda. 

Me leading a private guided tour at the Chateau de Chenonceau.

I'm a white Australian and my father's family arrived in Australia from England in 1851. My mother's parents arrived from England in 1928.

I am the baby in this photo. The other people are my great-grandmother, my uncle, my great aunt, my mother and my aunt.

The term Balanda had only just a few years earlier entered the English lexicon. The explorer Ludwig Leichhardt was the first European to use it, in his journal in 1845, and he got it exactly right, explaining that it was an indigenous Australian term which had come from the Malay word for 'Hollanders'. The Malay word in turn comes from the Portuguese 'Holanda'.

La Plongeuse

 

This charming scuplture is situated on the terrace of the restaurant Le George in Loches, overhanging the River Indre. It appeared in September 2021, but apart from that I can find no other information about it. I suspect it comes from a local sculptor's workshop, but I am not sure. I could of course ask the staff at Le George, but I keep forgetting to do so. I have no doubt that she is also a reference to the former public swimming pool, which was on the river opposite the restaurant. The sculpture's name means 'The Diver', but there may also be an element of restaurant based humour and wordplay, as a plongeur (or plongeuse if female) is washerupper in a restaurant, an essential but lowly member of most restaurant teams here.

Struck by Lightning

In September last year, just after a major restoration of the roof had been completed, the eastern spire of Saint Ours church in Loches was struck by lightning and damaged to the point where the authorities were worried falling masonry would damage neighbouring buildings.

The adjoining public garden and restaurant, and a couple of private homes were put out of bounds. Due to the awkward position of the apse and tower, on the edge of a cliff, inside a walled citadel with a narrow medieval gate, the scaffolding was helicoptered into the garden, then slowly erected. It has just been completed, and the damage on the spire marked up in yellow, ready for the roofers to come in and do the repairs.

 

The scaffolders gave me a cheery wave as they squeezed their truck through the 12th century gateway at the entrance to the Royal Citadel and left for lunch.

Niches for Swifts

The church in Bossay sur Claise has recently undergone a major and extensive restoration, which included the bells, as well as interior and exterior masonry. 

 

All the black squares are pieces of slate blocking up most of the scaffolding holes, except for a slot at the top. It allows swifts to enter into the cavity behind, but not pigeons.

One of the elements they got right was ensuring spaces remained for the swift colony to continue to breed in the building. So many recent 'conservation' renovations have ignored the existence of swift colonies and their nest hole entries have been blocked up. They like to nest in the small niches formed when the ends of the original wooden scaffolding rots away and leaves a hole in the masonry. Modern masons and architects want to block these off to prevent pigeons occupying them, but they don't understand that they are also banishing the swifts. The solution is simple, and involves the masons closing off the niches with a piece of slate that doesn't go all the way to the top, kind of like a letterbox. The trick is to educate the masons and architects so that this simple solution is applied. In Bossay, SOS Martinets, the local swift conservation association, managed to get through to the right people and save the day. I understand that the swifts have accepted the new arrangement and nested in the church last year.

 

Further reading: SOS Martinet (in French) https://sosmartinets.com/

French Nutritional Scores

France uses a system called Nutri-Score to rate supermarket foods and indicate to consumers how healthy they are. It was developed at the Sorbonne and is periodically reviewed.

 

Nutri-score A rated supermarket own brand dried red lentils.

At the beginning of the year food and drinks which were too sweet or too salty were particularly targeted for downrating, as was red meat and anything with artificial sweeteners.

 

Nutri-score C rated supermarket own brand plain crisps.

The five letter, five colour system is well embedded in French shopping habits. At a glance consumers can assess the nutritional quality of an item. 

 

The supermarket own brand root veggie crisps only manage a D on Nutri-Score.

Many ready meals have been downrated, but the sector which took the biggest hit was breakfast cereals, even the ones which have been reformulated in order to score better under the old Nutri-Score rules. Lots of drinks have been reclassified too, for being too fatty, too sweet and too calorific. Drinking yoghurts and flavoured milks were particularly targeted. Plant based milks and bovine milk didn't escape either. Coke Zero got downgraded, as did Lipton's Ice Tea, due to the unacceptable presence of artificial sweeteners.

 

I was amused that the manufacturers of these Breton buckwheat crisps presumably don't feel the 'traffic light' aesthetic of Nutri-Score fits their brand, and they've chosen to modify it to tasteful blue tones.

Red meat was downgraded to favour poultry and fish, especially oily fish (so long as they aren't salted or oiled). Wholegrains are favoured over processed carbohydrates, so long as there isn't too much added salt. Oils low in saturated fats, such as olive, canola, walnut and sunflower have been uprated, and other oils have been downgraded.

 

Bjorg corn thins will not show a Nutri-Score in future.

After months of consultations the new Nutri-Scores could have started appearing on supermarket products in January. But manufacturers have two years to comply with the requirement to use the new Nutri-Score on their labels.

 

Organic ravioli, with a C rating. Also reduced by 30% because it is close to its use by date and must be sold or given to a food bank. By law it cannot be thrown out in the rubbish.

From the outset the project has been a battle with the big industrial food brands. Ferraro, Lactalis, Mondelez and Coca-Cola have been particularly unco-operative and have always refused to use the system. Even the big organic brand Bjorg has withdrawn from the programme as more and more of their products don't meet the criteria.

So if you encounter supermarket products that don't have a Nutri-Score you can be fairly sure they aren't very good for you.

Unblogged 2024 - Llívia

This falls into the category of "I can't believe we didn't mention it".

Llívia is an Spanish enclave in France. After the Franco-Spanish War (1635–1659), the Treaty of the Pyrenees (1659) assigned all the villages and territories of Roussillon, Conflent, Capcir, Vallespir and northern Cerdanya to France. It established the Pyrenees as the France-Spain border, dividing Northern Catalonia. Which all worked swimmingly well until the Mayor of Llívia pointed out it had town status as the former capital of Cerdanya. Llívia thus remained a Spanish enclave within France, reaffirmed by the 1660 Treaty of Llívia. It's only 1.6km from the Spanish border and can be found here.

We drove through Llívia at the end of June last year. My original plan was to spend a couple of nights there, but a town of 1500 doesn't have much in the way of tourist accommodation. The idea of staying in an enclave excited me, and Llívia has an intriguing history, and some good walks.

Instead we just stopped on our way to Andorra to see the Esteve Pharmacy, located in Llívia's municipal museum. It's a complete 18th-century pharmacy donated to the town by the family who owned it, on condition the contents remain in the town. The pharmacy has a large display of albarelli (a type of ceramic jar used in pharmacies) as well as antique drugs, and one of the most important collections of prescription books in Europe. I can't remember where (or when) I first read about the old pharmacy, but it seemed appropriate to visit and compare to Chenonceau's apothecary.

It's a pity it was in a new and freshly restored room in the museum, but it's interesting how small a village pharmacy was compared to the Chenonceau apothecary, which came from a private villa in Italy.

You can read more about the apothecary here.

It's All Messed Up

Last night, as we were coming home from dinner with friends, we noted how clear the sky is, and how the door handles of the car had a thin layer of ice. We also noticed that their daffodils were obviously not frost tender, because they're blooming beautiful.

It's been cold this winter. Not the brain numbing cold of 12 years ago, but cold enough. We've had days where the temperature hasn't risen above 0°C and the sun has never appeared. The kind of damp, cold and windy day where going outdoors hasn't appealed in any shape, size or form.

It's also been mild this winter - days where the minimum temperature was 8°C and soared to 14°C. The sun has shone and felt warm on the back. The kind of day where you go for a walk and get home hot, bothered, and needing a cool drink.

It's been a messed up year so far. Why else would Dotty's iris have been flowering on the 2nd of January?

Walking From Le Grand Pressigny

On Monday 15 January we joined the Phoenix en Claise walking group for a 6 kilometre walk in a figure of 8 first one side of town past Courvault and then across the former railway bridge to the other side where we looped around past the Nymphaeum and Castle/Prehistory Museum. It took an hour and three-quarters with photos and rest stops after the hills. We had a lot of rain in the night so it was quite wet underfoot.

 

This house in Le Grand Pressigny is decorated with 'livres de beurre' (flint cores from prehistoric blade making known as 'pounds of butter'). This area was a major centre of flint tool making.

I'm told this house in Le Grand Pressigny is for sale.

This pony was tethered in a field by the side of the track. It's young owner, a Roma boy of about 10 years old I would say, rushed out to check that our interaction was friendly. He informed us that the pony is called Avril and she is four years old.

A view of le Grand Pressigny with the castle and Museum of Prehistory on the horizon.

Records show that this little building, known as a Nymphaeum, dates from 1550. It is an octagonal structure set in an isolated corner of the chateau park in le Grand Pressigny, and originally topped with a cupola. Inside is a series of niches separated by pilasters and the facade is richly decorated. At its centre is a spring and women came here to bath and relax. I saw on Facebook that the wall paintings conservator Sabine de Freitas has been to assess the interiors, and friends assure me that when they first saw the Nymphaeum more than a decade ago it had wall paintings.

Tripe Fungus Auricularia mesenterica (Fr. Auriculaire poilu) on a fallen beech log.

Taking a sneaky peek at the back of the castle gate.

The 17th century part of the chateau, now used as teaching spaces in the Museum of Prehistory.

Looking through the castle gateway.

Chateau du Grand Pressigny gatehouse.

Dominique and Annie looking at the charming renaissance architectural details on this house in le Grand Pressigny.

Here, from There - Unblogged

We're often asked where in Paris you can eat in a nice restaurant with a view of the Eiffel Tower. We know where you can eat a perfectly reasonable meal with a view of the Eiffel Tower during the day and we wrote about it here.

Apart from that we can offer no help at all.

However: if asked a similar question about Arles and the Arena we can be of assistance: the Bistro Populaire has an excellent view of the Roman Arena, and does an extremely nice lunch at a reasonable price. We shared a plate of oysters, followed by a Thai beef salad each. No dessert because the plan was to have an ice cream.

They don't have a website, but they do have an Instagram account
https://www.instagram.com/bistrot.populaire/

Visit to la Ferme des Effes

On a very cold Wednesday evening I joined a visit to la Ferme des Effes, just outside of Preuilly sur Claise. It was part of a programme including a farm visit, a shared meal and a film. I attended the farm visit and the film. The theme was farm successions. This is a hot topic in the Sud Touraine, as a third of farmers here are ready to retire.

 Charlotte's Dad, holding his grandson, talks about the farm. Charlotte is on the right.

La Ferme des Effes is in the process of being handed over from one generation to the next. Since 2016 Charlotte Mallet Bottemine has been taking over the management and day to day running of the farm. Her parents had come from farming families in Brittany but when it came time for them to start out on their own in the 1980s land was too expensive in Brittany, so they came to the Sud Touraine and bought les Effes.

 

The young goats noisily feeding on hay and straw.

The farm is now 90 hectares and the primary activity is dairy goats. The milk is sold to the Eurial co-operative at Tournon Saint Martin, where they make Sainte Maure de Touraine and Pouligny Saint Pierre AOC cheeses as well as their own brand Soignon. Charlotte also runs a herd of Charmoise ewes and sells fat lambs (to me, and to one of the local Michelin star restaurants, amongst others).

 

Inquisitive young dairy goats.

When she decided to take on the family farm in 2016 Charlotte spent the first couple of years getting a qualification in agriculture. Her parents are still involved with the work of the farm and the transition has been gradual, in slow, affordable steps. The land and material have been divided up so that ownership has transferred in batches to ensure the financial burden is not too great. Charlotte is very careful not to get carried away and investment in new equipment or buildings has been kept as low as possible. But a big new hangar with a solar panel roof went up last year.

 

The adult dairy goats, which are all the Alpine breed.

We were shown the young goats who will go on to join the herd. They were born in the autumn and are kept in cohorts of animals that are about the same weight. I'd met them already, when they were really little and still living in the pen with access to milk. Now they were munching extremely audibly on hay produced on the farm. Then we went to see the milking goats, which seemed to me to be quite big animals compared to other herds I've seen. The goats are all born and bred on the farm and new stock is not bought in. The births are about 50/50 males and females. All the females are kept and go into the dairy, all the males go to a specialist fattener over at Maillé who will sell them as meat (but not locally as curiously there is no market for it).

 

Inquisitive dairy goats chewing on a visitor's clothing.

After the farm visit some people regrouped at Lieutopie for a potluck meal, and quite a few more turned up later to view the film at the Salles des fetes. 

 

Gathered around a hay bale to talk about the dairy.

The documentary film was called la Ferme des Bertrand ('the Bertrand's Farm'), filmed by Gilles Perret over 50 years and three generations of the Bertrand family on a farm in Haute-Savoie. It jumped around chronologically and the relationship between family members was quite difficult to follow. Disappointingly it didn't really go into detail about how they managed the successions. It was an insight into how the work on the farm has changed, but not how it was financed.

 

The goat dairy at la Ferme des Effes.

Afterwards there was the opportunity to discuss farm successions with representatives of ADEAR37, an association which provides support, advice and their own personal experiences. I thought the most interesting point to emerge from this was that these days the farms that become available are often too big for what new young farmers want to do (eg smaller herds or market gardens, rather than arable crops or ever bigger dairies). A way of dividing farms up must be found, either selling them in 'morcels' or forming poly-disciplinary co-operatives where a property is shared by different farmers producing different  things. Current average farm size in Indre et Loire is 91 hectares (which doesn't sound much to an Australian, but is bigger than a young French market gardener or even orchardist needs); average dairy goat herd is 209 milkers (much higher than the national average herd size). 

 

The baby kids' pen, with milk literally on tap.

Further reading:

Eurial (in French) https://www.berryprovince.com/degustation/eurial-tournon-saint-martin/ (you can visit the factory).

La Ferme des Bertrand https://lesarcs-filmfest.com/en/program-guide/film/la-ferme-des-bertrand 

Farm Successions  https://daysontheclaise.blogspot.com/2023/01/farm-successions.html (where I talk about last year's ADEAR37 event and the issues which must be covered by anyone planning a farm succession).

ADEAR37 (in French) https://www.agriculturepaysanne.org/adear37 

La Ferme des Effes (in French) https://www.facebook.com/lafermedesEffes/

 

The plant room in the goat dairy at la Ferme des Effes. I really took this photo because of the abandoned doll, which tells you this is a family farm.