Aurore and the Unicorn

'Mon seul desir', depicting the supreme courtly virtue of largesse, being generously distributed.

This year conservators have been testing the fibres and dyestuffs on La Dame et la Licorne (the Lady and the Unicorn) tapestries in the Cluny museum. They want to know for sure what the chemical components of the dyes are so they can reproduce them, and develop a strategy for protecting the colours.

The panels depicting hearing or joy, and sight or leisure. 

Joy is playing her portable organ, Leisure is enticing the unicorn in her mirror.

In the early days of the 19th century a little girl called Aurore Dupin would come down to the Berry countryside to stay with her grandmother in Nohant-Vic. Later, as a young woman with her own young family, she inherited the house at Nohant and came to live there to escape her husband and the political troubles in Paris. Although Aurore came from a wealthy family, because her husband controlled the purse strings she was forced to earn her own living. And thus, the novelist George Sand was born.

A genet, domesticated in medieval times in preference to cats to catch rodents around the house.

At Nohant Aurore/George was free to indulge love affairs with Chopin, Prosper Mérimée (Inspector General of Historic Monuments) and the artist Manceau, amongst others. Her children were raised in an atmosphere of creativity and independence. Everyone in the household wrote, made art or performed.

A rotund heron doing backstroke in 'Mon seul desir'.

In the 1830s and 40s many wealthy aristocratic and bourgeois people quit Paris as the political situation was not stable. One of George Sand's friends holed up in Boussac in the Creuse and set up a printing press there. She visited Boussac several times and on one of these visits came across an extraordinary set of tapestries hanging in the local chateau, at that time the offices of the local authority. She saw immediately that they were something special and invited Prosper Mérimée down to view them. As a result they were heritage listed in 1865 and in 1882 sold to the Cluny.

The lion, who appears in all the panels, carrying the crescent moon arms of Antoine le Viste.

The medieval Chateau of Boussac was one of George Sand's favourites and she used it as the setting in one of her novels, describing it as 'irregular, graceful and pretty in its simplicity'. Who commissioned the tapestries was long a mystery but now studies suggest that it was Antoine le Viste in about 1500. The modern scholarly opinion is that they can be read in multiple ways and represent both allegories around the five senses and the six Courtly Virtues (frankness, beauty, joy, largesse, riches and leisure) of Guillaume de Lorris's Roman de la Rose. In addition they contain a bestiary and a flora. Antoine le Viste was married to a member of the powerful Tourangelle family the Briçonnets (who built Chenonceau and Candé about a decade after the tapestries were probably woven). The mystery surrounding the set of tapestries is compounded and continues because George Sand wrote of eight panels -- and yet only six exist at the Cluny.

A terrier on a cushion, in 'Mon seul desir'.

Prosper Mérimée mentions in correspondence that he was told by the local mayor that there were other, even more beautiful tapestries at one time in the chateau, but a former owner had cut them up to make cart covers and carpets. Were these the missing panels, or is there some forgotten corner of the chateau hiding them behind a collection of battered furniture or rolled up in an old cart?