European Spindle Euonymus europaeus (Fr. Fusain d'Europe).
A shrub or small tree, abundant in almost all of France, and very noticeable in the autumn because of its shocking pink seed capsules which spread open to reveal equally vibrant orange seeds. Grows in mixed hedgerows in areas with calcareous soil.
The species is the most important overwintering host of the Black Bean Aphid. As such they provide an important food source for early emerging hover flies with predatory larvae.
The species has a surprising number of uses for man. As referenced by the French vernacular name, it makes the best artists' charcoal, and the best charcoal powder. It has a hard fine grained yellow wood, ideal for sharpening to a point and making meat skewers and spindles, as well as being used in horology for cleaning brass and rubies without scratching them. The seed capsules can be used as a source of dye for certain Moroccan leathers.
The other time of year you might notice spindle is when it is being attacked by Yponomeuta spp small ermine moth caterpillars in the spring. This looks devastating as they eat all the leaves and cover the plant in a silken web. But the plant recovers, and by June has grown a full covering of leaves again.
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